急性加重高风险慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者的睡眠质量及相关因素

目的调查急性加重高风险慢性阻塞性肺疾病（简称“慢阻肺”）患者的主、客观睡眠质量及其影响因素。方法回顾性收集26例急性加重高风险慢阻肺患者资料，患者于出院前1 d晚行整夜多导睡眠监测，记录患者肺功能、Epworth嗜睡评分（ESS）、匹兹堡睡眠质量问卷（PSQI）、英国医学研究委员会呼吸困难量表（mMRC）、慢阻肺患者自我评估测试（CAT）结果等临床信息。将PSQI评分＞5分定义为睡眠质量下降，根据睡眠监测结果将患者分为单纯慢阻肺组12例和重叠综合征组14例。入选同期睡眠室检查者27例，根据睡眠监测结果分为对照组13例和单纯阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）组14例。比较4组患者的主、客观睡眠参数并进行相关分析。结果26例急性加重高风险慢阻肺患者中23例存在睡眠质量下降。与对照组相比，单纯慢阻肺患者PSQI总分、ESS评分、觉醒次数、睡眠期总觉醒时间明显升高（P<0.05），总睡眠时间、客观睡眠效率明显低于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；重叠综合征组患者PSQI总分、客观睡眠潜伏期、觉醒次数明显高于OSAHS组（P<0.05）；与单纯慢阻肺组患者相比，重叠综合征患者慢波睡眠明显减少（P<0.05）。相关分析结果显示过去一年急性加重次数、呼吸困难指数、ESS评分与PSQI总分呈正相关；睡眠期总觉醒时间与CAT、mMRC评分呈正相关；快动眼睡眠占总睡眠时间百分比与FEF 25%～75%、PEF%呈正相关，慢波睡眠占总睡眠时间百分比与睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数（AHI）呈负相关。结论慢阻肺急性加重高风险患者的主、客观睡眠质量均较差，重叠综合征患者睡眠质量较罹患单一疾病患者更差，PSQI与过去一年急性加重次数、呼吸困难指数、ESS评分相关，客观睡眠参数与气流阻塞程度、CAT评分、mMRC评分相关。     

中西医结合治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并呼吸衰竭的临床研究

目的:分析中西医结合治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并呼吸衰竭的临床效果。方法:将我院在2017年3月-2018年9月期间收治的72例慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并呼吸衰竭患者作为研究对象,应用计算机分组法进行分组,一组给予常规治疗,为常规组,一组给予中西医结合治疗,为观察组,比较两组患者的治疗效果。结果:观察组患者的治疗有效率高于常规组,数据差异有统计学意义;观察组患者治疗后用力肺活量(Forced Vital Capacity,FVC)为(2.11±0.21)L,格拉斯哥昏迷评分量表(Glasgow Coma Scale,GCS)为(42.19±6.47)m/s,1秒用力呼气肺容积(Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second,FEV1)为(1.37±0.22)L,各项数据优于常规组,数据差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者治疗后咳嗽评分为(1.0±0.1)分,喘息评分为(1.2±0.1)分,咳痰评分为(1.2±0.2)分,各项数据均优于常规组(P<0.05)。结论:中西医结合治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并呼吸衰竭,可叠加药物疗效,治疗疗效显著,有效率较高,可以显著改善肺功能,临床应用价值较高,建议在临床中推广使用。     

经皮肺动脉瓣植入术在肺动脉瓣反流患者中的临床应用

经皮肺动脉瓣植入术(PPVI)在我国作为一种新兴的技术,开展相对较晚,但随着我国医疗水平的不断提高以及临床对于右心室流出道梗阻的先天性心脏病患者术后出现重度肺动脉瓣反流的不断重视,PPVI在我国得到了飞速发展。近十几年来,欧美国家已在临床成熟应用PPVI,相对于传统外科手术而言其具有微创、可重复性、术后疗效好等优点。现对PPVI在肺动脉瓣反流患者中的临床应用进行叙述。     

Analysis of retinopathy of prematurity screening in Tianjin, China

AIM: To analyze the findings of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) exam in Tianjin, and study the impact of pulmonary surfactant Curosurf and nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) in ROP. METHODS: A multicenter retrospective review. 2894 preterm infants (1592 males, 1302 females) from several hospitals in Tianjin were screened from January 2009 to December 2013. Demographic information, ophthalmic outcomes and possible systemic risk factors were recorded. Gestation age, birth weight, oxygen supplementation, Curosurf and NCPAP were used to estimate risk factors for ROP. RESULTS: ROP was found in 448 eyes of 224 patients (7.7%). Among which, severe ROP developed in 98 eyes of 49 patients (21.9%). There was significant statistical difference in RDS, NCPAP, and Curosurf usage between control and ROP groups (P=0.000). Multiple logistic regression analyses of ROP indicated that lower birth weight, younger gestational age, and oxygen supplementation were the risk factors leading to ROP. As the usage rate of Curosurf and NCPAP increased year by year, the usage of oxygen supplementation gradually decreased, the incidence of ROP was also on the decline. CONCLUSION: Low birth weight, young gestational age and oxygen supplementation are associated with ROP. The use of Curosurf and NCPAP may be the factor that reduces the occurrence of ROP.     

心理干预联合认知干预在惠州市学校 肺结核病密切接触者中的应用观察

目的研究心理干预联合认知干预在惠州市学校肺结核病密切接触者中的应用效果。方法随机数表法将学校2018年1月—2019年1月肺结核患者密切接触者200名分为观察组和对照组,各100例,对照组给予认知干预,观察组给予心理干预联合认知干预。观察并比较两组研究对象干预前后的焦虑自评量表(SAS)评分、调查主动检查人数、发病情况、对肺结核的了解情况以及两组研究对象的满意度。结果与干预前比较,两组干预后SAS评分下降,肺结核知识评分上升,且观察组干预后下降或上升幅度大于对照组(P<0.05);观察组主动筛查率高于对照,感染发病率明显低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组满意率为95.00%,高于对照组的86.00%(P<0.05)。结论心理干预联合认知干预在学校肺结核密切接触者中应用可有效缓解不良情绪,提高主动筛查率和疾病的认知了解。     

不同类型的肺部磨玻璃结节患者术前免疫炎症指标和癌胚抗原的比较

目的：比较不同病理类型的肺部磨玻璃结节（GGO）患者术前中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比率（NLR）、血小板与淋巴细胞比率（PLR）、淋巴细胞与单核细胞比率（LMR）和血清癌胚抗原（CEA）的差异及其临床意义。方法：收集接受手术治疗的494例患者的NLR、PLR、LMR，其中浸润性腺癌176例，微浸润性腺癌150例，腺体前驱病变117例，良性病变51例。仅收集到150例浸润性腺癌、127例微浸润性腺癌、95例腺体前驱病变和45例良性病变的血清CEA数值。分别比较各组之间的NLR、PLR、LMR、CEA。结果：腺体前驱病变组的NLR（2.32±1.59）较良性病变组（1.82±0.64）高（P＜0.05）。肺腺癌组的PLR（141.19±53.14）、腺体前驱病变组的PLR（145.94±51.92）较良性病变组（124.90±37.04）高（均P＜0.05）。肺腺癌组的CEA [1.83（1.18， 2.73）ng/mL]较腺体前驱病变+良性病变组 [1.49（1.03，2.08）ng/mL]高（P＜0.01）。浸润性腺癌组的CEA [2.14（1.29，2.92）ng/mL]分别较微浸润性腺癌组 [1.67（1.09，2.43）ng/mL]、腺体前驱病变组 [1.46（1.03，2.06）ng/mL]、良性病变组 [1.53（1.00，2.10）ng/mL]高（P＜0.05）。结论：全身免疫炎症指标在早期肺腺癌，甚至是腺体前驱病变阶段就开始发生变化，血清CEA在早期肺腺癌就开始发生变化。动态观察上述指标的变化，有利于早期发现恶性病变，从而尽早进行干预。     

CTA诊断右下肺叶基底段异常体动脉供血1例

患者男,22岁,无明显诱因咳嗽、痰中带血1周,起初干咳,后咳痰并痰中带血,偶咯出少量暗红色血液;无发热、盗汗、乏力,无胸闷、胸痛及呼吸困难,平素体健,无家族病史。查体:双肺呼吸音稍粗,右肺下叶闻及细湿啰音。胸部增强CT:右肺下叶基底段见片状磨玻璃影,内见直径约8mm粗大供血动脉自腹腔干发出;支气管树分支及肺发育正常,未见隔离肺(图1A^1C)。肺动脉CTA示右下肺基底段动脉部分缺如(图1D),考虑为右下肺异常体动脉供血并周围肺组织肺泡出血可能。     

Incidencia,pronóstico y factores asociados al infarto estriatocapsular aislado tras trombectomía mecánica

ObjectivesTo describe baseline and procedural characteristics and clinical outcomes of isolated striatocapsular infarct (iSCI) after mechanical thrombectomy in patients with large-vessel occlusion of the anterior cerebral circulation andits clinical outcome.MethodsWe performed a longitudinal study including all patients treated with mechanical thrombectomy at our centre between 2015 and 2017; patients were divided into 2 groups (iSCI and non-iSCI) according to whether they presented iSCI in a control CT scan at 24 h.ResultsOf the 83 patients identified, 22.9% developed an iSCI. There were no statically significant differences in baseline characteristics or in reperfusion times. Patients presenting iSCI showed better collateral circulation and better reperfusion rates in the bivariate analysis. No significant difference was observed for mortality at discharge or at 3 months, or for functional prognosis at 3 months.ConclusionsEven if successful reperfusion is achieved, iSCI is a common sequela, independently of reperfusion time, especially in patients with good collateral circulation.